Enable contrast version

# Tutor profile: Apratim D.

Inactive
Apratim D.
PhD candidate in Mathematics | Mathematics and CS/programming tutor for the past 8 years
Tutor Satisfaction Guarantee

## Questions

### Subject:Linear Algebra

TutorMe
Question:

Suppose $$A$$ is an $$n \times n$$ matrix with rational entries such that its minimal polynomial is $(\mu (x) = x^3+5x+2.$) Show that $$3$$ divides $$n$$.

Inactive
Apratim D.

Note that $$\mu$$ is a polynomial with integer coefficients. The rational root theorem says that if $$\mu$$ has a rational root which can be written as $$p/q$$ in its lowest terms, then $$p$$ divides the constant term which is $$2$$ in this case and $$q$$ divides the leading coefficient which is $$1$$ in this case. That is, all rational roots of $$\mu$$ must be integral and moreover, they should be divisors of $$2$$. So, the candidates for the rational roots of $$\mu$$ are $$\{1,-1,2,-2 \}$$ but if we plug these back in the polynomial, we see that none of these are roots of $$\mu$$. Therefore, $$\mu$$ is irreducible over the rationals. Denote $$\chi(x) = \det (xI-A)$$ as the characteristic polynomial of $$A$$. $$\chi$$ has degree $$n$$. We know from a theorem in Linear Algebra that the minimal polynomial and the characteristic polynomial have the same irreducible factors.That is, if $$\mu = f_1^{a_1}\cdots f_k^{a_k}$$, then $$\chi = f_1^{b_1}\cdots f_k^{b_k}$$ where $$f_i$$ are irreducible polynomials and $$a_i \le b_i$$. Now, here since $$\mu$$ is irreducible that means it has only one irreducible factor - itself. Therefore we must have $(\chi(x) = (\mu (x))^r$) Therefore, $$n = \deg (\chi)= r\cdot\deg (\mu) = 3r$$.That is, $$3$$ divides $$n$$.

### Subject:Number Theory

TutorMe
Question:

Find all prime numbers $$p$$ greater than $$65$$ such that $$p-64$$ is the fourth power of an integer.

Inactive
Apratim D.

So, we need $$p-64 = q^4$$ for some integer $$q$$. Therefore, we have \begin{align*} p &= q^4+64\\ &= (q^2)^2 + 8^2\\ &=(q^2)^2 + 8^2 + 2 q^2\cdot8 - 2 q^2\cdot 8\\ &=(q^2+8)^2 - 16q^2\\ &= (q^2+8+4q)(q^2+8-4q) \end{align*} Now, $$q^2+8-4q = (q-2\sqrt{2})^2+ 2q\cdot2\sqrt{2} -4q = (q-2\sqrt{2})^2 + 4q(\sqrt{2}-1) > 4q(\sqrt{2}-1) > 4q\times 0.414 > 1.6q > 1$$. That is, $$q^2+8-4q$$ is an integer greater than $$1$$. That means we have written $$p = (q^2+8+4q)(q^2+8-4q)$$ as a product of two integers greater than $$1$$ which contradicts the fact that $$p$$ is a prime. Therefore, no such prime $$p > 65$$ exists such that $$p-64$$ is the fourth power of an integer.

### Subject:Calculus

TutorMe
Question:

Let us denote by $$f(x)$$, the following polynomial: $(f(x) = (x-1)^2\prod_{i=2}^{98}(x-i)$) What are the real roots of the polynomial $(p(x) = (f'(x))^2 - f''(x)f(x) \ ?$)

Inactive
Apratim D.

For $$x \notin \{1,2, \ldots, 98 \}$$, we have $(\frac{f'(x)}{f(x)} = \frac{2}{(x-1)} + \sum_{i=2}^{98}\frac{1}{(x-i)}$) Differentiating the above expression, we get $(\frac{f''(x)f(x) - (f'(x))^2}{(f(x))^2} = \frac{-2}{(x-1)^2} - \sum_{i=2}^{98}\frac{1}{(x-i)^2}$) That is, $((f'(x))^2 - f''(x)f(x) = (f(x))^2\left[\frac {2}{(x-1)^2}+\sum_{i=2}^{98}\frac{1}{(x-i)^2} \right]$) For all real $$x \notin \{1,2, \ldots, 98 \}$$, the above expression is positive. So the possible real candidates for the above expression to be $$0$$ lie in $$\{1,2, \ldots, 98 \}$$. Let $$\alpha \in \{1,2, \ldots, 98 \}$$ be one such candidate. Then $$f(\alpha) = 0$$. Moreover, $((f'(\alpha))^2 - f''(\alpha)f(\alpha) = 0$) That is, $( (f'(\alpha))^2 = 0$) So, we have $$f(\alpha) = f'(\alpha) = 0$$ which means such an $$\alpha$$ must be a repeated real root of $$f$$. $$f$$ has only one repeated real root which is $$1$$. Therefore, the only real root of $$p$$ is $$1$$.

## Contact tutor

Send a message explaining your
needs and Apratim will reply soon.
Contact Apratim

Start Lesson

## FAQs

What is a lesson?
A lesson is virtual lesson space on our platform where you and a tutor can communicate. You'll have the option to communicate using video/audio as well as text chat. You can also upload documents, edit papers in real time and use our cutting-edge virtual whiteboard.
How do I begin a lesson?
If the tutor is currently online, you can click the "Start Lesson" button above. If they are offline, you can always send them a message to schedule a lesson.
Who are TutorMe tutors?
Many of our tutors are current college students or recent graduates of top-tier universities like MIT, Harvard and USC. TutorMe has thousands of top-quality tutors available to work with you.
BEST IN CLASS SINCE 2015
TutorMe homepage