Tutor profile: Chandan P.

What is the general convention of using APA, MLA and Chicago styles of writing for various fields?

APA or American Psychological Association is preferred for writings related to the fields of education, sciences and psychology. MLA or Modern Language association is preferred for writings related to humanities as a subject. Chicago style of writing is preferred for Business, Fine arts and History as subject matter. All these styles have a well defined set of rules to be followed.

What is all day efficiency or operational efficiency with respect to transformers?

To understand all day efficiency first commercial efficiency of a transformer needs to be calculated. Commercial efficiency is the ratio of output (in watts) to input (in watts) for a given transformer. For distribution transformers core losses occur throughout the day but copper losses occur only when the transformer is under a load. In such a case the commercial efficiency decreases. To judge a transformer's practical efficiency all day efficiency is calculated as the ratio of output (in watts) to input (in watts) for a period of 24 hours.

What is the use of vectors in C++ and how is it different from arrays in C++?

Vectors are a contiguous storage element used in C++. They are similar to arrays in this aspect. They have a key difference with respect to arrays as their size is dynamic. The pointer operations that are valid for arrays are also valid for vectors as memory access is similar for both kinds of data structure elements.