Tutor profile: Heba W.

what are some differential diagnosis for Right upper quadrant pain?

First think about the organs that sit in the RUQ. Gall bladder, pancreas, Liver, duodenum, diaphragm, base of the lungs. Some emergencies that you should try to immediately rule out are acute cholecystitis, ascending cholecystitis , acute viral hepatitis, SBO, acute pancreatitis. Also do not forget that since the base of the lungs can sit near the RUQ, a Pulmonary embolism can cause referred pain to the RUQ. Many women also display atypical chest pain and could be having an MI with referred pain to abdomen.

Describe the overall process of how DNA is turned into Protein?

First DNA is unwound and then replicated through a process of base pair matching and an enzyme called DNA polymerase. Then the DNA is converted from DNA to mRNA through a process called, transcription. This process occurs in a cells ribosome, creating a polypeptide chain. This chain is then translated into protein, which are the building blocks of the Eukaryotic cell. The proteins will undergo further manipulation to make them strong and stable structures

what are the major differences between prokaryotes and eukaroytes?

Prokaryotes are defines as having no nucleus, or membrane bound organelles, bound by a cell wall. They are simpler form of organism that is usually unicellular and has one single floating nucleus (plasmid). Some examples of prokaryotes are Bacteria and Archea. Eukaryotes are much more complex, they have many membrane bounds organelles such as a nucleus with tightly wound DNA, mitochondria and ribosomes all bound by a cell membrane These are the cells that make up plants and humans.