Tutor profile: Ariana G.

Do you put the "pro" in procrastination?? Let us look at some ways to tackle procrastination head on!

Here are some tips and tricks: Break down a what appears to be a HUGE task into a bunch of smaller ones. You will find that by separating what appears to be one challenge into several, much simpler, tasks, you will be checking items off your To-Do list sooner rather than later. To add to that, make a To Do List! If you write down everything you need to do and then create a Schedule (be realistic about how much time you need for certain assignments), it will give you a sense of structure that will make it easier to be productive. Having a plan in place creates a sense of purpose rather than that overwhelming thought of "where do I even begin???". I can help you with this by sitting down with you and looking at what needs to get done. We will create an amazing plan, designed specifically for you! Finally for now, get rid of distractions. Set a time limit on your phone or computer that gives you only a certain amount of time on Instagram or TikTok per day. You may not even realize how long you are spending scrolling away. There are settings and apps that are specifically made for just this reason! Or just leave your phone under the bed or in another room so you *can't* look at it while you are working. You got this!

Why do successive Ionization Energies for a given element always increase?

Ionization energy is by definition the amount of energy required to remove electrons from a given atom of an element. After the first ionization energy, since the atom has lost an electron, the proton positive force of the nucleus increases its pull on the electrons that are left behind. Thus more energy must be required to combat the stronger pull of the positive protons to allow any remaining electrons to be pulled away aka resulting in greater subsequent Ionization Energy.

An atom of oxygen has 8 proton, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons. What has to happen for the oxygen atom to become a negatively charged ion? What has to happen for the atom to become an isotope of oxygen?

An ion when an atom of a given element is charged, either positively or negatively. In order for oxygen to become a negatively charged ion, it would have to gain negative charge. Electrons are a negatively charged particle so adding electrons to a neutral oxygen atom would create a negatively charged oxygen ion. The number or protons and neutrons would remain 8 and 8 respectively, but the electron number would increase. An isotope on the other hand, has the same charge as a neutral atom of a given element but has a different number of neutrons. Thus to create an isotope of oxygen, one could either add or remove a neutron while leaving the 8 protons and 8 electrons.