Tutor profile: Sara B.

In 200 words or less, explain Immanuel Kant's distinction between hypothetical and categorical imperatives.

Kant believes that all imperatives are either hypothetical or categorical. Hypothetical imperatives declare a possible action to be practically necessary as a means to the attainment of something else that one wills. A categorical imperative would be one which represented an action as objectively necessary in itself apart from its relation to a further end. This imperative determines morality because it is concerned with an action’s form and with the principle from which it follows, no matter the consequences. If an action is good because it leads to something else, the imperative is hypothetical. A hypothetical imperative determines that an action is good for some purpose or other, either possible or actual. It is also the imperative concerned with the choice of means to one's happiness. If an action is represented as good in and of itself, then the imperative is categorical. This is an important distinction to Kant because he believes that an imperative tells one if a possible action would be good and then creates a practical rule for a will.

You're a first-year law student preparing for your torts exam. Prepare by answering the following hypothetical: Dean is being recruited to play football. Dean takes his friend Pete to a game. Pete shows up high and collapses in the parking lot. No one around so Dave performs CPR. Rory is a doctor who enters parking lot rushing to hospital. Rory sees Dean performing CPR and thinks he has situation covered, so she doesn't offer her assistance. Dean restarts Pete’s heart then freaks out about not being recruited after this scandal, so he runs off. Rory speeds through parking lot and hits Pete, breaking his legs. prepare an outline of Pete’s negligence claim against Dean, and identify the weak spots in Pete's case. w

I. Dean breached his duty to Pete by ... a. Leaving Dean on the ground b. Continuing CPR when Rory came into lot as opposed to getting help from a true medical professional. However, Dean had no way to know Rory was a doctor. II. Dean had a Duty to Pete because ... a. the two had a pre-existing relationship. However, friendship isn't a recognized close relation under the Restatement. b. Began to render aid, which prevented Rory the observer from helping. However, arguably Pete administered aid for the “initial” risk by restarting Dave's heart. c. Possible policy argument from Dean: imposing a duty on Infringing on right to do nothing. If we impose no limit on the potential scope of the “begin to aid, stop, and make things worse” exception, Dean will conceivable be liable for any affirmative act he fails to take which the would-be rescuer would have done on behalf of the victim had Dean not acted III. But for cause: had D not left alone in parking lot, no broken legs IV. Proximate cause: foreseeable that a semi-conscious person lying alone in the parking lot would be run over and hurt; Rory's intervening conduct is foreseeable V. Damages: broken legs

Romanticism, or the Romantic Era, was a literary and artistic period that spanned roughly 1800-1850. Please list authors from the era and provide common themes or motifs that these authors demonstrate in their respective works.

Romantic era authors include William Wordsworth, Lord Byron, Mary Shelley, Edgar Allen Poe, Mary Shelley, and more. Nature was a major theme of the Romantic era. Percy Shelley authored 'Ode to the West Wind' which focused on the role of wind in the changing seasons. Also, Wordsworth's 'Tintern Abbey' presents the persona of an individual who has just returned to the countryside after many years in urban areas. The person revels in the beauty and tranquility of nature. Another common theme of the era is awareness and acceptance of emotions. For example, in Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein,' the monster offers a vivid description of his anger, isolation, and sadness. 'Frankenstein' also demonstrates the era's emphasis on themes of solitude. The era is also defined by its spiritual and supernatural elements. Poe is a classic example of an author who returned to this theme throughout his body of work, with pieces like 'The Raven,' 'The Tell-Tale Heart,' and 'The Fall of the House of Usher.' Other themes include vivid sensory description, use of personification, and criticism of the past.