High level vs. low level?

A high-level language is a programming language that enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of a particular type of computer. A low-level programming language is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture

Would you rather use an array, vector, or linked list to store large amounts of data?

I would use a linked list do to efficiency and speed. Linked lists will take up less memory. If you need to insert something to the list, no size is need to be declared. In addition to that, it much easier to add to the list (anywhere). For a vector/array you would have to copy every single item again and place everything on a new vector and/or array.

What would be the impact of a rise in the federal interest rates? If the federal interest rates is higher than the discount rate?

At higher interest rates, banks will charge higher interest rates. This will have a negative impact on consumers/companies. They both will borrow less,hence, less investment. The economy slows down. If discount rate is below the federal interest rate, banks will borrow from the Central Banks.